Progress was made on deep water foundation analysis, including the development of advanced modelling techniques and enhancements of current design standards which, for example, become very important for floating designs. With the improved intelligence of wind turbines, wind farms are operated more and more as power plants, providing services to the electricity system, such as flexibility and controllability of active and reactive power, frequency and voltage, fault-ride-through or black start capabilities (WP9). Those capabilities will allow for substantially increased penetration of wind power in the grid in the near future. The future large offshore wind farms, far from shore, will be connected via HVDC VSC, forming the backbone of an integrated European offshore grid, and supporting the emergence of a single electricity market.

It will be challenging for the wind energy sector to attract and train the required number of engineers, postgraduates and PhD students to fulfil its needs. UpWind focused on training and education (WP1A3), and developed free of charge advanced training modules on wind energy, including the latest innovations in the field. This content is distributed through the REnKnow database.

A cost model was developed in order to isolate and study the dimensioning cost parameters of this upscaled wind turbine. However, as an optimal design should account for the external design constraints, an innovative design approach was developed that includes both technical and non-technical disciplines within the same framework. In this framework, manufacturing, transport, installation and O&M procedures become design parameters rather than constraints, enabling the system as a whole to be optimised at a design stage. Finally, a large potential for cost optimisation lies in the design safety levels

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